Indicator 9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport

The measure of Passenger volumes in passenger-kilometres, freight volumes measured in tonne-kilometres, and broken down by mode of transport. For the purposes of monitoring this indicator, the passenger-km data are split between aviation, road (broken down between passenger cars, buses and motorcycles) and rail, and tonne-km are split between aviation, road, rail and inland waterways. Maritime freight is measured in metric tons and container port traffic is measured in twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU).

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Target 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all

Indicator 9.1.2: Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport.

Proxy: Measure of Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport

2024

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Senior Manager, National Accounts, Tourism, Transport and ICT statistics

National Accounts, Tourism, Transport and ICT statistics

Production and Dissemination of National Accounts, Tourism, Transport and ICT statistics

+254-202-911-000

30266-00100, Nairobi- Kenya

directormacro@knbs.or.ke

DEFINITION, CONCEPTS, AND CLASSIFICATIONS

Definition:

Definitions: Passenger volumes are measured in passenger-kilometres while freight volumes are measured in tonne kilometres, and broken down by mode of transport. For the purposes of monitoring this indicator, passenger-km data are split between aviation, road (broken down between passenger cars, buses and motorcycles) and rail, and tonne-km are split between aviation, road, rail and inland waterways. Maritime freight is measured in metric tons and container port traffic is measured in twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). Last updated: 2023-09-12 Concepts: Aviation: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) through its Statistics Division has established standard methodologies and definitions to collect and report traffic (passenger and freight volume) data related to air transport. These standards and methodologies have been adopted by the 193 Member States of ICAO and also by the Industry stakeholders i.e. air carriers and airports. The data of ICAO is used by States and also the World Bank for its development indicators. ICAO uses Air Transport Reporting Forms A, AS, B and C to arrive at the passenger and freight volumes for air transport. The aviation data reported under indicator 9.1.2 is for scheduled traffic. Precise definition of all different concepts and metadata related to Air Transport Reporting Forms A, AS, B and C to arrive at the passenger and freight volumes for air transport, as approved by the ICAO Statistics Division and Member States can be found at the ICAO website given below - http://www.icao.int/sustainability/pages/eap-sta-excel.aspx/.

Maritime Definitions: International maritime freight is an indicator reflecting (1) the sum of international freight volumes loaded (exports) and unloaded (imports) at ports worldwide and measured in metric tonnes, and (2) container port traffic at world ports measured in twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). Data is collected by the UNCTAD secretariat from various sources, including industry, government and specialised maritime transport data providers and consultancies. Volumes are expressed in metric tonnes and twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). As data on international maritime freight volumes are not widely available, only the data in tonnes (rather than tonne-km) and at the regional level are reported. Data at country level are available for container port traffic measured in twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). Concepts: The UNCTAD secretariat collects and compiles the data from various websites and reports, including, by port and industry associations and authorities, national statistics offices, UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, governments, specialised agencies such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and British Petroleum (BP). Data is also collected from reports issued by maritime specialised sources such as Drewry Maritime Research (DMR), Clarksons Research Services (CRS), Dynamar, and Lloyd’s List Intelligence (LLI). Road, Rail, Inland waterways For definitions of all relevant terms, the UNECE/ITF/Eurostat Glossary for Transport Statistics can be consulted. The 5th edition of this publication is available at https://unece.org/DAM/trans/main/wp6/pdfdocs/Glossary_for_Transport_Statistics_EN.pdf.

Aviation: Revenue Passenger-Kilometres (RPK) and Freight Tonne-Kilometres (FTK) Martime: Metric tonnes and twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU). Road, Rail: Passenger-Kilometres (Pkm) and Tonne-Kilometres (Tkm) Inland Waterways: Tonne-Kilometres (Tkm), Road – KSh Million

Regional and sub-regional level data based on UNSD classification., 2014, ISIC Rev. 4, Systems of National Accounts

DATA SOURCE, TYPE AND DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Railways Corporation, Kenya Ports Authority, Kenya Pipeline Company, Kenya Airports Authority, Kenya Civil Aviation Authority, Postal corporation of Kenya/Communication Authority of Kenya

Administrative Data

Annual Economic Survey

End of April of every year

Stakeholders (Administrative Data)

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

According to the Statistics Act of 2006, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is mandated to collect, compile, analyze, publish and disseminate official statistics for public use

Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all. Trans-border infrastructure development is best captured by passenger and freight volumes moved by Member States and Regions. A growth in passenger and freight volumes shows a robust infrastructure development happening in States and Regions along with the resultant socioeconomic benefit. Air Transport is particularly important not only for the economic and job benefits but Last updated: 2023-09-12 also because it is one of the only mode of transport that can be relied on during emergencies and disease outbreaks to reach food, medicines, medical personnel, vaccines and other supplies speedily to the affected persons in the affected areas. In addition, tracking how the non-road share of freight volumes, and the public transport share of passenger volumes, changes over time allows insights into the overall sustainability of the global transport system. Aviation: Informed decision-making is the foundation upon which successful businesses are built. In a fast-growing industry like aviation, planners and investors require the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and reliable data. ICAO’s aviation data/statistics programme is to provide accurate, reliable and consistent aviation data so that States, international organizations, aviation industry, tourism and other stakeholders can make better projections. The UN recognized ICAO as the central agency responsible for the collection, analysis, publication, standardization, improvement and dissemination of statistics pertaining to civil aviation. Maritime: The volume of international maritime freight and container port traffic movements provide an overall indication of the importance of port infrastructure for trade and development and may be relied upon to infer the quality and adequacy of seaports and their hinterland connections. Maritime transport is the dominant mode of international freight transport when flows are measured in volume terms. Behind the global and regional headline estimates, individual contributions vary by region and type of cargo, reflecting, among other factors, differences in countries’ economic structures, composition of trade, urbanization, levels of development, extent of integration into global trading networks, degree of participation in global supply chains, and the quality of transport infrastructure. World container port traffic reflects the importance of containerized trade and countries’ participation in global liner shipping networks and globalized manufacturing production processes. Road, Rail, Inland waterways: The International Transport Forum has developed a set of modelling tools to build its own forward-looking scenarios of transport activity. Covering all modes of transport, freight and passenger, the tools are unified under a single framework. For passenger volumes, the following models are used to generate the data: the urban passenger transport model and the non-urban passenger transport model. The urban passenger transport model is a strategic tool to test the impacts of policies and technology trends on urban travel demand, related CO2 emissions and accessibility indicators. The non-urban passenger transport model is a strategic tool that tests the impacts of multiple policies and trends on the non-urban passenger sector. For freight volumes, the non-urban freight transport model is used to generate the data. The non-urban freight transport model assesses and provides scenario forecasts for freight flows around the globe. It is a network model that assigns freight flows of all major transport modes to specific routes, modes, and network links. The ITF Modelling Framework is available at The ITF Modelling Framework.

Aviation: Coverage for aviation is for all ICAO 193 Member States. Maritime: Coverage for international maritime freight volumes at regional and sub-regional level. Road, Rail, Inland waterways: Coverage at regional and sub-regional level.

Aviation The aviation passenger and freight volumes are reported for the air carriers through ICAO Air Transport Reporting Forms and grouped by Member States of ICAO. Road/Rail/Inland waterways Urban passenger transport model The model is designed as a systems dynamic model (stock and flow model) to evaluate the development of urban mobility in all cities over 50 000 inhabitants around the world. It combines data from various sources that form one of the most extensive databases on global city mobility to account for fifteen transport modes. These range from the conventional private car and public transport to new alternative modes such as shared mobility. Non-urban passenger transport model The model provides scenario forecasts for non-urban transport activity and its related CO2 emissions up to 2050. The model estimates activity between urban areas (intercity travel) and passenger activity happening locally in non-urban areas (intra-regional travel). The latter includes travel in peri-urban and rural areas. The model is developed to assess the impact of transport, economic and environmental policy measures (air liberalisation, carbon pricing, etc.), as well as the impact of technological developments and breakthroughs (electric aviation, autonomous vehicles, etc.). Non-urban freight transport model The most recent version of the ITF freight model integrates the (previously distinct) surface and international freight models. International and domestic freight flows are calibrated on data on national freight transport activity (in tonnes-kilometres, tkm) as reported by ITF member countries. Reported data is also used to validate the route assignment of freight flows. Trade projections in value terms stem from the OECD trade model and converted into cargo weight (tonnes). These weight movements are then assigned to an intermodal freight network that develops over time in line with scenario settings. These define infrastructure availability, available services and related costs. The model uses 2015 as its baseline year and provides estimation values for 2015, 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2025, then with computations done in five-year intervals. Therefore, the data for 2021 is derived through interpolation of the simulated values for 2020 and 2022. The ITF Modelling Framework is available at The ITF Modelling Framework. Maritime: The indicator is calculated through a sum of international maritime freight volumes and container port traffic as collected by UNCTAD secretariat from websites and reports by various industry, government and specialised maritime transport data providers and consultancies. Data on international maritime freight excludes transhipments and domestic maritime freight volumes. Cargo flows originating in or destined to landlocked countries are attributed to the ports of neighbouring coastal transit countries. The mode of transport “maritime” is assigned to an international trade transaction when the goods arrived at the country’s external border (the seaport) transported by ship. Data on container port traffic include full and empty containers as well as transhipment traffic. Data is collected and compiled from various websites and reports, including, by port and industry associations and authorities, national statistics offices, UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, governments, Last updated: 2023-09-12 specialised agencies such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and British Petroleum (BP). Data is also collected from reports issued by maritime specialised sources such as Drewry Maritime Research (DMR), Clarksons Research Services (CRS), Dynamar, and Lloyd’s List Intelligence (LLI).

Aviation: ICAO Statistics Programme has put in place a series of robust data quality control functions to automate all the necessary calculations and producing a report for each reporting form. These quality control processes were divided into two main activities: verification and validation. Maritime: UNCTAD secretariat monitors, collects, and compiles the data at the country level as well as at regional/sub-regional level. It continuously updates the data as new data and information becomes available. Some commercial providers of maritime statistics publish global data that is derived, for example, from shipping contracts, and UNCTAD compares its own data with those published by commercial providers. Road/Rail/Inland waterways: There is no compilation of data submitted from the countries. Data comes from the ITF Global Models. ITF (forthcoming), ITF Transport Outlook 2023, OECD Publishing, Paris.

For Kenya case Statistics produced undergoes a rigorous process of peer review from stakeholders through set Technical Working Groups(TWG) every quarter.

Aviation: States refer to the ICAO Reference Manual on the Statistics Programme (Doc 9060) to compile and file traffic reports at a national level. Road/Rail/Inland waterways ITF only provides model results to be public at the regional level.

Maritime: Countries do not systematically collect or report data on international maritime freight and container port traffic. UNCTAD relies on data published by industry and information published by specialized sources.

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is ISO certified based on 9001:2015 Standard requirements. The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control, are carried out following the methodological framework and standards established by the KNBS, in compliance with the Internationally acceptable standards.

Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be assured in managing the statistical production processes and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before publication and dissemination.

The Bureau has a quality management system in place that ensures that data produced meets the set standards

Data availability:

- The data is available on KNBS website and upon request

Disaggregation:

All Indicators are disaggregated to the smallest possible units as per the International manuals.

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https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/10013293/KS-GQ-19-004-EN-N.pdf/b89e58d3-72ca-49e0-a353-b4ea0dc8988f