Indicator 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

May 2024

All targets under Goal 6, as well as targets 1.2, 1.4, 2.2, 3.2, 3.8, 3.9, 4a, 5.4 and 11.1

KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (KNBS)

KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (KNBS)

Senior Manager

Food Monitoring, Nutrition and Environment

Compiling Environment and Natural Resources Statistics

+254-735-004-401, +254-202-911-000, +254-202-911-001

P.O. Box 30266–00100 GPO NAIROBI

dps@knbs.or.ke

Proportion of population (Percentage)

KENYA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEY(KDHS)

Sample design: The sample for the 2022 KDHS was drawn from the Kenya Household Master Sample Frame (K-HMSF).

This is the frame that KNBS currently operates to conduct household-based sample surveys in Kenya. In

2019, Kenya conducted a Population and Housing Census, and a total of 129,067 enumeration areas (EAs) were developed. Of these EAs, 10,000 were selected with probability proportional to size to create the KHMSF. The 10,000 EAs were randomized into four equal subsamples. The survey sample was drawn from one of the four subsamples. The EAs were developed into clusters through a process of household listing and geo-referencing. To design the frame, each of the 47 counties in Kenya was stratified into rural and urban strata, resulting in 92 strata since Nairobi City and Mombasa counties are purely urban.

The 2022 KDHS was designed to provide estimates at the national level, for rural and urban areas, and, for some indicators, at the county level. Given this, the sample was designed to have 42,300 households, with 25 households selected per cluster, resulting into 1,692 clusters spread across the country with 1,026 clusters in rural areas and 666 in urban areas.

The sample for the 2022 KDHS was a stratified sample selected in two stages from the K-HMSF. In the first stage, 1,692 clusters were selected from the K-HMSF using equal probability with independent selection in each sampling stratum. Household listing was carried out in all of the selected clusters, and the resultant list of households served as a sampling frame for the second stage of selection, where 25 households were selected from each cluster. However, after the household listing procedure, it was found that some clusters had less than 25 households; hence, all of the households from these clusters were selected into the sample. This resulted in 42,022 households being sampled for the 2022 KDHS.

All women age 15–49 who were usual members of the selected households or who had slept in the households the night before the survey were eligible for interviews. The men’s interview was conducted in half of the sampled households, and all men age 15–54 who were usual members of the selected households or who had slept in those households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In a half of the men’s subsample, one man per household was randomly selected for the domestic violence module. In the other half of the men’s subsample and in the sample of households not selected for the men’s interview, one woman per household was randomly selected for the module. Thus, in three quarters of the sample, the domestic violence module was administered to women, and in one quarter of the sample the module was administered to men.

The Biomarker Questionnaire, which included height and weight measurements, was administered in all households for children age 0–59 months and in the men’s subsample for men age 15–54 and women age 15–49. Modules on disability, COVID-19, health insurance, health expenditures, road traffic accidents, household food expenditure, early childhood development index 2030, chronic diseases, and female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) were administered in half of the households sampled for the 2022 KDHS.

The 2022 KDHS was successfully implemented in 1,691 clusters; one cluster in Mandera could not be visited due to insecurity. As a result of the nonproportional allocation to the sampling strata and due to nonresponse, the survey was not self-weighting.

Training and field work: The training included a detailed question-by-question explanation of the questionnaires, accompanied by explanations from the interviewer’s manual, role-play demonstrations, group discussions, in-class practice interviewing in pairs, and assessment tests . Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) was used during data collection of the 2022 KDHS. The field teams were trained and allowed to practice using the handheld devices. All fieldwork personnel were assigned usernames, and devices were password protected to ensure data integrity.

Every four years

Every four years

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is mandated to collect, compile, analyze, publish and disseminate official statistics for public use.

Safe drinking water is crucial for human health, and ensuring access to clean water is aligned with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. In the context of Kenya, the Vision 2030 and Water Sector Trust Act sets out the policies for achieving safe drinking water due to the health, and economic impact. It is also a way of climate change resilience impact as water availability and quality are necessary to adapt water management strategies to changing conditions.

The National Indicator provides Improved sources of drinking water as piped water, public taps, standpipes, tube wells, boreholes, protected dug wells and springs, rainwater, water delivered via tanker truck or a cart with a small tank, and bottled water.

This is not as per the international indicator recommendation since the global emphasis is put on having the water inside the dwelling or within the premises.

Additionally, the global emphasis is put on testing drinking water to ascertain if they are free from faecal and chemical contamination.

The number of people who use an improved water source divided by the total population multiplied by 100.

Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was used during the 2022 KDHS data collection.

Work was assigned by supervisors and shared via Bluetooth® to interviewers’ tablets. Once completed, assigned work was shared with supervisors, who did initial data consistency checks and edits and then submitted data to the central servers hosted at KNBS via SyncCloud. Data were downloaded from the central servers and checked against the inventory of expected returns to account for all data collected in the field. SyncCloud was also used to generate field check tables to monitor progress and flag any errors, which were communicated back to the field teams for correction.

N/A

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is ISO certified based on 9001:2015 Standard requirements. The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control, are carried out following the methodological framework and standards established by the KNBS, in compliance with the Internationally acceptable standards

The KNBS adheres to Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be assured in managing the statistical production processes and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before publication and dissemination.

The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control are subjected to a set criteria and standards to ensure conformity.

National level, Residence Type of water Source for drinking water, Sex, Age, Time taken to and from the water source and waiting time at the water source

The National Indicator provides Improved sources of drinking water as piped water, public taps, standpipes, tube wells, boreholes, protected dug wells and springs, rainwater, water delivered via tanker truck or a cart with a small tank, and bottled water.

This is not as per the international indicator recommendation since the global emphasis is put on having the water inside the dwelling or within the premises.

Additionally, global emphasis is put on testing drinking water to ascertain if it is free from faecal and chemical contamination.

KDHS 2014; KDHS 2022

https://www.knbs.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Kenya-DHS-2022-Final-Report-Vol.1_1.pdf

https://www.knbs.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Kenya-DHS-2022-Final-Report-Vol.2_1.pdf