Indicator 3.8.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all

3.8.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income

2024

SDG indicators: 3.8.1; 1.1.1 and 1.2.1

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Director, Population Statistics

Directorate of Population Statistics

Compiling population and social statistics

+254 780836503

P.O.Box 30266, NAIROBI

dpss@knbs.or.ke

Definition:

Proportion of the population with large household expenditure on health as a share of total household expenditure or income. Two thresholds are used to define “large household expenditure on health”: greater than 10% and greater than 25% of total household expenditure or income.

Concepts: Indicator 3.8.2 is defined as the “Proportion of the population with large household expenditure on health as a share of total household expenditure or income”. In effect, it is based on a ratio exceeding a threshold. The two main concepts of interest behind this ratio are household expenditure on health (numerator) and total household consumption expenditure or, when unavailable, income (denominator).

Percent (%) (proportion of people)

2014: KDHS

2022: KDHS

Kenya Household Expenditure and Utilization Surveys (KHHEUS)

Kenya Continuous Household Survey Programme (KCHSP)

Data is collected through the KDHS survey. Enumeration

areas are randomly selected using the sampling frame

created from the Kenya Population and Housing Census

(KPHC) 2019.

42,022 households were randomly selected from the

enumeration areas out of which, 38,731 were occupied.

Research Assistants (RA) managed to successfully interview

37,911 respondents which made the response rate to be 

98%. 

Recorded responses are verified by a supervisor then sent to

a KNBS server. Errors are checked and corrections made.

Data is then cleaned, analyzed, validated then disseminated.

Data are compiled and updated on a regular basis

2024

Household Based

KNBS

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) is established under the Statistics Act, 2006 as the principal agency of the Government for collecting, analyzing and disseminating statistical data in Kenya and as the custodian of official statistical information.

Target 3.8 is about universal health coverage (UHC) and is defined as “Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all”. The concern is with all people and communities receiving the quality health services they need (including medicines and other health products) without financial hardship. Financial hardship is a key consequence of inadequate financial risk protection mechanisms and can be experienced in any country, regardless of the income level and type of health system. Indicator 3.8.2 is about identifying people with out-of-pocket health spending on health exceeding their ability to pay, which might lead to cutting spending on other basic needs such as education, food, housing and utilities. Reducing financial hardship in health is important on the global development agenda as well as a priority of the health sector of many countries across all regions

It is feasible to monitor indicator 3.8.2 on a regular basis using the same household survey data that is used to monitor SDG targets 1.1 and 1.2 on poverty. These surveys are also regularly conducted for other purposes, such as calculating weights for the Consumer Price Index.

Population weighted average number of people with large household expenditure on health as a share of total household expenditure or income ∑ 𝑚𝑖𝜔𝑖1 ( ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖 𝑖 > 𝜏) ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝜔𝑖 where i denotes a household, 1() is the indicator function that takes on the value 1 if the bracketed expression is true, and 0 otherwise, mi corresponds to the number of household members of i, 𝜔𝑖 corresponds to the sampling weight of household i, τ is a threshold identifying large household expenditure on health as a share of total household consumption or income (i.e., 10% and 25%).

A wide consultative process is undertaken to compile,

assess and validate data on the indicator.

The consultation process solicited feedback directly from

other Government Agencies responsible for official

statistics, on the compilation of the indicators, including

the data sources used, and the application of

internationally agreed definitions, classification and

methodologies to the data from that source.

https://www.knbs.or.ke/publications/

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is ISO certified

based on 9001:2015 Standard requirements. The

processes of compilation, production, publication and

dissemination of data, including quality control, are

carried out following the methodological framework and

standards established by the KNBS, in compliance with

the Internationally acceptable standards.

The KNBS adheres to Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance

Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be

assured in managing the statistical production processes

and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted

through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before

publication and dissemination.

The processes of compilation, production, publication

and dissemination of data, including quality control are

subjected to a set criteria and standards to ensure

conformity.

Data available for the years 2014 and 2022. Next data

expected in five years time.

None

URl:

https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/kenya-

demographic-and-health-survey-kdhs-2022-

summary-repo

References: Kenya Demographic and Health

Survey