Indicator 16.1.3 Proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

Indicator 16.1.3: Proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months

2023

16.2, 16.3, 16.a, 5.2

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Senior Manager, Social Statistics

Social Statistics

Collect, compile, analyze and disseminate statistics on governance, peace and security, gender, education and health

+254 735004401, +254 202911000, +254 202911001

P.O Box 30266-00100, Nairobi

dpss@knbs.or.ke

Definition:

The total number of persons who have been victim of physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months, as a share of the total population.

Concepts:

This indicator measures the prevalence of victimization from physical, psychological or sexual violence Physical violence: This concept is equivalent to the concept of physical assault, as defined in the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS): the intentional or reckless application of physical force inflicted upon the body of a person. This includes serious and minor bodily injuries and serious and minor physical force. According to the ICCS, these are defined as:

Serious bodily injury, at minimum, includes gunshot or bullet wounds; knife or stab wounds; severed limbs; broken bones or teeth knocked out; internal injuries; being knocked unconscious; and other severe or critical injuries. Serious physical force, at minimum, includes being shot; stabbed or cut; hit by an object; hit by a thrown object; poisoning and other applications of force with the potential to cause serious bodily injury. Minor bodily injury, at minimum, includes bruises, cuts, scratches, chipped teeth, swelling, black eye and other minor injuries. Minor physical force, at minimum, includes hitting, slapping, pushing, tripping, knocking down and other applications of force with the potential to cause minor bodily injury. Sexual violence (ICCS): Unwanted sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or contact or communication with unwanted sexual attention without valid consent or with consent as a result of intimidation, force, fraud, coercion, threat, deception, use of drugs or alcohol, or abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability. This includes rape and other forms of sexual assault. Psychological violence: There is as yet no consensus at the international level of the precise definition of psychological violence and there is as yet no generally well-established methodology to measure psychological violence.

Percent

International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, ICCS)

This indicator is derived from KDHS with a module on domestic violence.

The indicator refers to individual experience of the respondent, who is randomly selected among the household members, while experience of other members is not to be included. Experience of violent victimization is collected through a series of questions on concrete acts of violence suffered by the respondent.

The Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) is implemented through various phases: survey organization, conducting meetings with stakeholders to determine their needs, selecting the sample, developing and finalizing the questionnaire and its application, pretesting, recruiting and training field staff, collecting and capturing field data, processing, managing, and cleaning the data, followed by analysis, writing, and producing the report. During each of these stages, the survey adhered to global standards for best practices in survey execution.

Sample Design

The 2022 KDHS employed a two-stage stratified sample design whereby in the first stage, 1,692 clusters were selected from the K-HMSF using Equal Probability Selection Method (EPSEM). The clusters were selected independently in each sampling stratum. Household listing was carried out in all the selected clusters, and the resulting list of 42,022 households served as a sampling frame for the second stage of selection, where 25 households were selected from each cluster.

Training and Field work

The training consisted of a detailed, question-by-question explanation of the questionnaires, accompanied by explanations from the interviewer’s manual, role-play demonstrations, group discussions, in-class practice interviewing in pairs, and assessment tests. Anthropometry training provided Biomarker technicians with instruction, demonstrations, and practice in length/height and weight measurements for children and adults. The technicians completed a standardization exercise involving measurements of children that was intended to gauge and improve accuracy and precision. Re-standardization exercises were conducted for those who did not pass the standardization exercises.

Data Collection

The method of data collection used was interviews, where selected individuals aged 15 -49 were asked on their experience on violence committed on any perpetrator, including current and former spouses or other intimate partners.

Every 5 years

2023

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) is established under the Statistics Act, 2006 as the principal agency of the Government for collecting, analyzing and disseminating statistical data in Kenya, as the custodian of official statistical information and promoting effective statistical coordination of NSS.

This indicator measures the prevalence of victimization from physical, sexual (and, possibly, psychological) violence. Since acts of violence are heavily underreported to the authorities, the indicator was based on data collection through KDHS

The KDHS primarily concentrates on a particular area, namely domestic violence, which implies that only individuals aged 15-49 were questioned about violence. Moreover, only a subset of men within the 15-49 age group were asked these questions. Consequently, this approach does not provide a comprehensive depiction of the levels and trends of violence across the entire population.

There is currently no international standard on the measurement of psychological violence.

Number of survey respondents who have been victim of physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months, divided by the total number of survey respondents.

Before the release of the 2022 KDHS Report, a technical working meeting together with stakeholders was held before the launch and dissemination of the 2022 KDHS Report.

The module on questions on Gender Based Violence was administered in accordance with the World Health Organization’s guidelines on the ethical collection of information on gender-based violence.

ICCS provides guidelines for the classification of crimes, including physical, sexual and psychological violence.

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is ISO certified based on 9001:2015 Standard requirements. The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control, are carried out following the methodological framework and standards established by the KNBS, in compliance with the Internationally acceptable standards

The KNBS adheres to Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be assured in managing the statistical production processes and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before publication and dissemination.

The KNBS adheres to Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be assured in managing the statistical production processes and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before publication and dissemination.

Data Availability Data available at National level and County level.

Time Series

2014, 2022

Disaggregation

National and County

None

References:

Kenya DHS 2022 Main Report - Volume 1 - Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (knbs.or.ke)