Indicator 10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities

2024

Indicator 1.1.1: Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)

Indicator 1.2.1: Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age

Indicator 10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population.

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

Senior Manager, Research and Methods

Standard and Methods Statistics

Compilation of Standards and Methods statistics

+254-202-911-000

30266-00100, Nairobi- Kenya

dscm@knbs.or.ke

Definition:

The proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (or consumption) is the share (%) of a country’s population living on less than half of the consumption/income level of the median of the national income/consumption distribution.

Concepts:

The indicator is measured using per capita welfare measure of consumption or income. The indicator is calculated by estimating the share of the population in a country living on less than 50% of median of the national distribution of income or consumption, as estimated from survey data.

Percent (%)

Not applicable

2016: KIHBS, 2019-22: KCHS

Surveys and Census

KIHBS every five years, KCHSP quarterly, KPHC every 10 years

March 2018

Households

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

According to the Statistics Act of 2006, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is mandated to collect, compile, analyze, publish and disseminate official statistics for public use

Addressing social inclusion and inequality is important on the global development agenda as well as on the national development agenda of many countries. The share of the population living below 50% of median national income is a measure that is useful for monitoring the level and trends in social inclusion, relative poverty and inequality within a country.

The share of people living below 50% of the median is an indicator of relative poverty and inequality of the income distribution within a country. This indicator and similar relative measures are commonly used for poverty measurement in rich countries (including Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) poverty indicators and Eurostat’s indicators of risk of poverty or social exclusion) and are increasingly also used as a complementary measure of inequality and poverty in low- and middle- income countries.

Like for poverty rates (SDG 1.1.1) and growth in household incomes across the distribution (SDG 10.1.1), estimates are based on income or consumption data collected in household surveys. Many of the same data quality issues applying to those indicators apply here, some of which are summarized below:

Data is collected with great heterogeneity and ex-post harmonization will always face limitations. Similar surveys may not be strictly comparable because of differences in timing, sampling frames, or the quality and training of enumerators. Comparisons of countries at different levels of development also pose problems because of differences in the relative importance of the consumption of nonmarket goods. The local market value of all consumption in kind (including own production, particularly important in underdeveloped rural economies) should be included in total consumption expenditure, but in practice are often not. Most survey data now include valuations for consumption or income from own production, but valuation methods vary.

Estimating the share of people living below 50% of the national median is less sensitive to comparability limitations than estimates of international poverty. The relative nature of the threshold (a function of the distribution median) means that it is not sensitive price differences across time and countries. Appropriately adjusting for price differences is a major challenger in absolute poverty measurement

The indicator is measured using the national distribution per capita measure of consumption or income, as derived from surveys. The indicator is calculated by estimating the share (in percent) of the population living on less than 50% of median of the national distribution of income or consumption. The median is estimate from the same distribution as the indicator is estimated from, thus the 50% of median threshold will vary over time.

Per capita income or consumption is estimated using total household income or consumption divided by the total household size.

Statistics produced undergoes a rigorous process of peer review from our partners who include worldbank, KIPPRA and other stakeholders

The Bureau employed use of best standards and compilation guides when coming up with the reports

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics is ISO certified based on 9001:2015 Standard requirements. The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control, are carried out following the methodological framework and standards established by the KNBS, in compliance with the Internationally acceptable standards

The KNBS adheres to Kenya Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (KesQAF) that underlines principles to be assured in managing the statistical production processes and output.

Data consistency and quality checks are conducted through Technical Working Groups (TWGs) before publication and dissemination.

The processes of compilation, production, publication and dissemination of data, including quality control are subjected to a set criteria and standards to ensure conformity.

data is available on the KNBS website broken down by area and sex, age and persons with disabilities

None

https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/basic-report/

https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/basic-report-well-kenya-based-201516-kenya-integrated-household-budget-survey-kihbs/

The Global Database of Shared Prosperity, World Bank, http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity. World Development Indicators, World Bank.